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Objective To explore the meaning of midkine (MK) levels in serum in different development stage of acute leukemia,and to explore the relationship between MK and WT1.Methods The levels of the MK in serum of 86 cases of acute leukemia and 30 cases of normal people were detected by ELISA.Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) method was used to determine the expression of WT1 at mRNA level in 15 AML patients.Results The MK level in serum in the new diagnosed group was higher than that in the complete remission group and the normal control group [7.52 (5.44,10.55) ng/ml vs 3.52 (1.56,5.20) ng/ml vs 2.44 (1.89,3.12) ng/ml].There' s no statistical difference between midkine level in new diagnosed acute B cell leukemia (B-ALL) group and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) group [7.88 (5.78,15.78) ng/ml vs 6.25 (4.59,16.33) ng/ml].The clear correlation was found between the level of serum MK and quantities of marrow WT1 gene (r =0.529,P =0.043).Conclusions The level of MK in serum of acute leukemia patients is increased at the time of new diagnosis and decreased at complete remission.ELISA may be a way to measure the status of AL.The location of MK gene is adjacent to WT1 gene and MK' s clinical significance is similar to WT1' s,furthermore,there is a clear correlation between MK in serum and WT1 of marrow in quantities.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the development of T follicular helper (TFH) cells and their role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, the effect of dendritic cells (DCs) on TFH cells in SLE, as well as the potential use of TFH cells as a new therapeutic target in clinical practice.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>The data used in this review were retrieved mainly from the PubMed database (1989-2013). The terms used in the literature search were "T follicular helper cells," "systemic lupus erythematosus," and "dendritic cells."</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Relevant publications about the TFH cells development, the interaction between the TFH cells and the DCs, and the clinical applications of TFH cells were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TFH cells, a novel distinct CD4+ T cell subset, are specialized in providing help to B cells in the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and long-term protective humoral immune responses. The development of TFH cells from naïve CD4+ T cell is a multistep process. As the pivot of immunoregulation, DCs are indispensable for TFH cells generation. In addition to receptor-ligand interactions between TFH cells and DCs, the cytokines secreted by DCs are also necessary for TFH cell generation. TFH cell dysregulation has been implicated in the development of SLE. More evidence from animal models of SLE and SLE patients suggests that TFH cells are necessary for pathogenic autoantibody production. Therefore, therapeutically targeting TFH cells can be a promising approach to treat antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases including SLE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TFH cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE, making them attractive therapeutic targets in clinical practice.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Autoantibodies , Allergy and Immunology , Dendritic Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Recent studies show that the structure integrality and function are more important than the length of telomere in maintaining tumor cells reproduction and proliferation.Mammalian telomeres bound by a specialized six-protein(TRF1,TRF2,TIN2,RAP1,POT1 and TPP1 )complex known as telosome or shelterin,has fundamental role in the regulation of telomere activity,maintaining the length and protecting telomere chromosome terminal.Telosome is involved in the complex regulation of cell mitosis process.The study of the role of telomere binding protein complex in tumorigenesis is very important for searching new methods of tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective:To observe the effect of supplementing qi,nourishing yin and promoting blood flow Chinese herbs on serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods:To determine the serum LPL of 38 cases before and after being treated with supplementing qi,nourishing yin and promoting blood flow Chinese herbal compound Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules.Results:Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules not only can improve T2DM patients in blood sugar,blood lipids and insulin sensitivity index,but also increase the level of serum LPL (P